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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

四川发挥资源优势打响少数民族村寨品牌******

　　中新网成都1月4日电 (王利文何芦恒高嘉琪)作为西昌火把节体验点之一的凉山彝族自治州西昌市白庙村，近年来依托独有的文化资源积极发展乡村旅游业，网红民宿、民族文化演艺中心等“网红打卡地”与山水、稻田的诗画乡村相映成趣。白庙村彝家美食农家乐老板丰福全透露：“节假日每天能接待四五桌人，一年至少收入七八万元。”

　　少数民族特色村寨凝聚着民族文化的历史结晶，在产业结构、民居式样、村寨风貌以及风俗习惯等方面都集中体现了民族地区经济社会发展特点和文化特色。少数民族特色村寨与脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴、基层治理紧密衔接，是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要窗口和有效载体。近年来，四川积极发挥少数民族村寨资源优势，推进民族地区全域旅游与生态经济发展“多点开花”，带领当地居民吃上了“旅游饭”。

甘孜藏族自治州丹巴县的藏族特色建筑。　唐启浩摄游客在阿坝藏族羌族自治州黑水县羊茸村游玩。　唐启浩摄

游客在阿坝藏族羌族自治州黑水县羊茸村游玩。　唐启浩摄羊茸村妇女在做民宿管家，正与游客交流。　唐启浩摄

羊茸村妇女在做民宿管家，正与游客交流。　唐启浩摄

　　甘孜藏族自治州丹巴县是川西高原最早启动乡村旅游的涉藏区县之一。矗立于山野的碉楼藏寨是丹巴县最具嘉绒藏族特色的乡村风光，“大渡河第一城”“中国最美景观村落”“美人谷”等旅游形象品牌已成为其代名词。丹巴罗布民宿位于丹巴县甲居镇甲居二村，红白相间的院墙和别致的碉窗展现着嘉绒地区古老的建筑文明。看着停满自驾游游客车辆的院子，返乡创业的老板罗布很是感慨：“发展特色民族村寨，不仅提高了收入，也弘扬了我们嘉绒藏族古老的文化。”

　　“游客在藏寨感受锅庄舞蹈、体验藏绣和酿酒技艺、参与赛马节等活动。”甲居二村党支部书记曾明富介绍，村中像罗布民宿这样特色鲜明的独栋嘉绒藏寨有50余户。旅游旺季，全村每天要接待上千名游客，日收入超过20万元。

　　在广袤的四川民族地区，一个个少数民族特色村寨像一粒粒珍珠串起乡村振兴的美丽图景。在被誉为“向幸福出发之地”的阿坝藏族羌族自治州黑水县羊茸村是嘉绒藏族聚居村，曾因山高路远、交通不便，生产生活条件艰苦。2013年，在四川省民族宗教事务委员会的支持下，500万元民族类专项资金投入到当地民族村寨建设。如今的羊茸村，完成了由传统农业向现代旅游业的转型，2021年旅游总收入达638万元。

　　据羊茸哈德旅游服务有限公司现场运营总监诺布卓玛介绍，客人喜欢体验当地文化和生活方式，亲手磨青稞、做糌粑，去山谷徒步、野餐、放牛、种地。“我们根据市场需要推出了特色体验项目和特色住宿，非常受欢迎。”

　　在大力推进全域旅游的当下，像羊茸村这种依靠旅游发展致富的民族村寨正在四川如雨后春笋般兴起。截至2020年底，四川有124个村寨被国家民委命名为“中国少数民族特色村寨”。2021年，四川省民族宗教事务委员会在《关于实施民族团结进步示范工程的指导意见》中指出，要聚焦民族地区乡村振兴，加大少数民族特色村寨保护与发展力度，力争“十四五”期间新增100个“中国少数民族特色村寨”。

　　随着四川民族团结进步事业的全面推进，少数民族特色村寨将在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接、促进各民族交往交流交融、构筑中华民族共有精神家园等方面，发挥更积极的作用。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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